Switzerland: On 16 December 2020, the Swiss Parliament overwhelmingly adopted a law extending marriage to same-sex couples. A public referendum in September 2021 overwhelmingly confirmed support for marriage equality at 64%. Non-commercial, consensual sexual activity between two people of the same sex in private is legal and will never be constitutionally criminalized in the country, although sexual conduct or affection that occurs in public may be subject to the prohibition of „serious scandal” in Article 200 of the revised Penal Code, which states: [50] The Governments of Bolivia, Honduras, Nicaragua and Paraguay have imposed constitutional bans on same-sex marriage. Cuba, where homosexuality was once punished by internment in forced labor camps, has changed significantly in recent years. The National Assembly passed an anti-discrimination law in 2013 and a new constitution in 2019 removed language that defines marriage as being between a man and a woman. However, same-sex partnerships are still not recognized. In the Philippines, LGBT people are often disadvantaged when hired for jobs, gain civil marriage rights, and even start personal businesses. They also have a higher rate of suicide and suicidal thoughts than heterosexuals. [5] [6] Costa Rica: In November 2018, in support of the landmark January 2018 opinion of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, the Costa Rican Supreme Court ruled that marriage equality is consistent with Costa Rica`s obligations under the American Convention on Human Rights. The Supreme Court set the 26th.
May 2020 as the deadline for the adoption of such a law for the National Assembly, but did not meet this deadline, and on that day marriage equality came into force. This list includes some of the many countries where HRC Global tracks developments in favor of marriage equality. In 2020, a Pew Research Center poll found that 73 percent of adult Filipinos agreed with the statement that „homosexuality should be accepted by society,” no change from 2013 and up from 64 percent in 2002. [155] [156] Support was highest among 18- to 29-year-olds (80%), Catholics (80%) and the more educated (79%). [157] Another 2014 study titled „Global Morality” by the same organization showed that Filipinos reject homosexuality when asked „whether homosexuality is morally acceptable, unacceptable, or not a moral issue,” with 65 percent saying it was „unacceptable,” only 25 percent responding „acceptable,” and 9 percent saying „it`s not a moral issue.” [158] The Metropolitan Community Church (MCC) is a progressive, LGBT, ecumenical Christian denomination founded in Los Angeles on October 6, 1968. It has 3 local churches in the Philippines, Mandaluyong, Makati and Baguio, celebrating marriages between same-sex couples since 1991. MCC Makati, the original and mother of the MCC Church in the Philippines, has been starting marriages (Holy Union) for LGBTQI+ couples since 1991. MCC Makati has since closed and ceased operations in 2019. Open Table MCC (Mandaluyong) started in 2006 and Norther Sanctuary (Baguio) in 2009. An emerging MCC service group also meets in Marikina. Local churches see themselves as an ecumenical Christian church that organizes weddings for LGBTQI+ couples „regardless of their Christian background.” Church leaders have declared that „marriage is an inherent right of those who love one another.” The first same-sex marriage contracted by the founding church in Los Angeles, USA, took place in 1969 between two lesbians.
The wedding moment was symbolic as it was the year the historic Stonewall riots took place and sparked the beginning of the LGBT movement. [118] This contrasts with Mr. Duterte`s position during the 2016 campaign, when he expressed support for possible legislation allowing same-sex marriage. Despite growing support for marriage equality in many European countries, divisions remain. While Ireland became the first country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage through a popular referendum in 2015, Northern Ireland lawmakers have rejected bills to legalize same-sex marriage five times. It was finally legalized in 2019 in a vote in the British Parliament, while Northern Ireland`s legislature was suspended. Croatians approved a constitutional ban on same-sex marriage in a referendum in 2013, although the country`s parliament allowed civil partnerships a year later. In its judgment, the Court stressed that the applicant`s request was too limited because, in addition to the Family Code, there were a large number of other laws which treated marriage in the same way as a heterosexual institution.
Thus, the applicant should also have presented a direct argument against those other laws, which he did not do. Only 31 percent of people in China, 30 percent in Malaysia and 14 percent in Indonesia supported legalizing same-sex marriage in 2016, according to ILGA. Same-sex relations between men are banned in parts of Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar and Singapore. In Brunei, they are punished by stoning, although the government said after an international outcry that it would not enforce the law. Human rights groups have reported an increase in threats and violence against LGBTQ+ people in Indonesia since 2016, including discriminatory comments by several officials. Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte has come out in favor of recognizing same-sex partnerships, but not same-sex marriages, and 73 percent of Filipinos surveyed in 2019 said homosexuality should be accepted. It should have meant that the weddings were for „Adam, Eve and gays,” he said to cheers from the crowd. In 2022, two Civil Partnership bills were resubmitted and proposed to the Philippine Congress; both seek to recognize same-sex couples in the Philippines and provide them with benefits and protection. [12] [13] Whether same-sex marriage should be allowed in the Philippines „may be a congressional question for now,” French news agency AFP quoted the court as saying. In the House of Representatives, President Pantaleon Alvarez introduced a bill in October 2017 that would create civil partnerships. The bill, HB 6595, would provide same-sex couples with „all the benefits and protections afforded to spouses in a marriage,” including the ability to adopt jointly, inherit property, receive tax benefits, and share insurance, health care and retirement benefits. The bill was debated by a House committee in January 2018, but did not pass.
In 2005, Canada became the first country in the Western Hemisphere to legalize same-sex marriage. It was followed by Argentina in 2010, Brazil and Uruguay in 2013, Mexico in 2015, Colombia in 2016, Ecuador in 2019, Costa Rica in 2020 and Chile in 2021. In a 2019 ruling, Brazil`s Supreme Court classified homophobia and transphobia as crimes under a 1989 law banning racism. However, just hours after his inauguration in 2019, President Jair Bolsonaro stripped the human rights department of the ability to address LGBTQ+ concerns. He was criticized by LGBTQ+ rights groups for his homophobic remarks during his campaign. In the absence of such arguments, the Court concluded that granting the applicant`s request would lead the Court to usurp quasi-legislative powers, as this would be necessary to amend all the laws that would inevitably have to be amended in response to his request. The Court therefore stated that such a task should be carried out by the Philippine Congress under the appropriate legislative procedure. The decision came less than two decades after President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defined marriage as a union between a man and a woman, denying same-sex couples the benefits of marriage such as access to health care.
Social Security and tax benefits, as well as green cards for U.S. immigrant spouses.
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